課程資訊
課程名稱
氣候變異與預測
Climate Variability and Predictability 
開課學期
108-1 
授課對象
理學院  大氣科學系  
授課教師
盧孟明 
課號
AtmSci7081 
課程識別碼
229 M8380 
班次
 
學分
3.0 
全/半年
半年 
必/選修
選修 
上課時間
星期一6,7,8(13:20~16:20) 
上課地點
大氣系A100 
備註
與隋中興合授
總人數上限:47人 
Ceiba 課程網頁
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1081AtmSci7081_ 
課程簡介影片
 
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課程概述

氣候變異概指由大氣、海洋、陸表共同組成的氣候系統相對於三十年或更長時期平均狀態的偏離程度,重要現象有以週、月、季、年為時間單位的短期氣候變化,以及與其相依相存的年代(十年)、多年代、世紀等長週期緩慢變化。氣候變異的發生機制決定於大氣、海洋、陸表交互作用的過程,了解這些過程以及各主要變異模態對全球和區域氣候的影響是發展氣候預測的科學基礎。
本課程著重在時間尺度在三十年之內的氣候自然變化和預測,不包含尺度更長的氣候變遷或人為因素對氣候影響等課題。主要對象為碩博士班研究生,側重了解氣候變異主模態的現象與形成機制,氣候模式對氣候變異的模擬和預測能力,氣候可預測度來源的分析與解釋,氣候變異主模態與東南亞和西北太平洋以及臺灣天氣與氣候的關係。約三分之二的課程內容為講述動力氣候基本概念與文獻閱讀和討論,另三分之一為全球觀測和預測資料分析及討論。為加強對課程內容的了解,將有作業和期中考試,也將由學生在課程範圍內自己挑選想深入了解的研究題目在課堂討論並撰寫期末報告。 

課程目標
1. To understand climate science as a process: how it is done, what skills are involved, how it applies to climate services
2. To understand issues in short-term climate (monthly to interannual) prediction
3.To understand issues in identifying the drivers of regional weather and climate extremes 
課程要求
具備動力氣候學、統計分析、程式分析等基本知識
Prerequisites: Participants should have knowledge of basic climate dynamics and statistics, and have experience with computer programming.  
預期每週課後學習時數
 
Office Hours
另約時間 
指定閱讀
Robertson, A and Vitart, F, (eds.) Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction The Gap Between Weather and Climate Forecasting. Elsevier . ISBN 9780128117149 (可由台大圖書館網站獲得) 
參考書目
1. NRC. 2010. Assessment of Intraseasonal to Interannual Climate Prediction and Predictability. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-15183-2
2. NRC. 2016. Next Generation Earth System Prediction: Strategies for Subseasonal to Seasonal Forecasts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21873.
3. Global Physical Climatology, Second Edition,, by Dennis Hartmann. 2016. Elsevier Science.ISBN: 9780123285317 / eBook ISBN: 9780080918624 
評量方式
(僅供參考)
 
No.
項目
百分比
說明
1. 
期末報告 final report of the term project 
20% 
依課程內容自選主題進行小論文研究,期末繳交小論文口頭(10%)與書面(10%)報告 The final report consists of an oral presentation (10%) and written report (20%).  
2. 
期中簡報 mid-term presentation of the term project plan 
10% 
依課程內容自選主題進行小論文研究,期中簡報含目標、方法、資料、預期結果等研究規劃 Introduce the term-project plan. The presentation must include a description of the subject, objective, data, method, expected outcomes of the term project. Student can chose one of the following topics as the final report: 1. 洪⽔ 2019 Townsville flood 2. 歐洲熱浪 2018/19 Summer European heat waves. 3. 季內震盪與颱風 Relationship between ISO and Tropical Cyclones 4. 阻塞高壓診斷與預測 Blocking: Monitoring and Prediction 
3. 
作業 homework 
70% 
(a) 指定閱讀心得報告 (兩頁以內) Summary reports of reading assignment (within 2 pages). (b) 繳交指定主題之資料分析習題 Summary reports of analysis exercise (within 2 pages) 1. Blocking index (due 10/7); 2. MJO and bimodal index (due 11/25); 3. S2S predictability on 2019 Townsville flood (due on 12/23) (c) 課程內討論時間提問、回饋之發言情形 In-class participation. 
 
課程進度
週次
日期
單元主題
第1週
09/09  Introduction (1) - course overview
Required reading: CLIVAR Science Plan_Final.pdf <at> http://www.clivar.org/documents/climate-and-ocean-%E2%80%93-variability-predictability-and-change-science-plan-and-implementation 
第2週
09/16  Introduction (2) - climate analysis, monitoring, attribution
Guest speaker: Dr. Chueh-Hsin Chang (Ewha Woman's University, South Korea) Talk: A link between subseasonal ocean eddies and enhanced one- to three-week forecast skill over subtropical western North Pacific

Reading assignments: Blunden, J. and D. S. Arndt, Eds., 2019: State of the Climate in 2018. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100(9), Si–S305, doi:10.1175/2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1. <at> https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/publications/bulletin-of-the-american-meteorological-society-bams/state-of-the-climate/

WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2018
https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=5789 
第3週
09/23  Introduction (3) – Major atmospheric patterns/modes of variability ; Atmospheric-ocean coupled variability/modes of sea surface temperature
Required reading: Hartmann (2016) Chapter 8;
References: Chapter 3 in IPCC WG1 AR4; Chapter 2&14 in IPCC WG1 AR5; Deser et al (2010) 
第4週
09/30  颱風假停課一次

(Part 2 of last week’s lecture)1. Major atmospheric patterns/modes of variability; 2. Major patterns/modes of sea surface temperature (atmosphere-ocean coupled) variability

Required reading: Hartmann(2016) Chapter8 ; Robertson and Vitart (2019) Chapters1 ; Shukla (Science, 1998) OR 「從天氣到短期氣候預測」(盧2010) 
第5週
10/07  [12:20-13:10] Special presentation by Dr. Yi-Ying Chen (RCEC, Academia Sinica): Introduction of Taiwan land cover reconstruction, biomass evaluation & vegetation responses to extremes (Typhoon/Frost/ENSO)

[S2S] Why S2S ? - S2S Phase-2 Project and Database.
[S2S] Identifying wave processes associated with predictability across time scales: An empirical normal mode approach.
Required reading: Robertson & Vitart (2019) Chapter2 
第6週
10/14  [S2S] I. Stationary waves and transience in the atmosphere;
II. Blockings – climate impact and monitoring (by TA)

NOTE: Blocking index計算的相關資源可供大家參考。 
第7週
10/21  [S2S] Tropical-Extratropical Interactions and Teleconnections 
第8週
10/28  [S2S] MJO and Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves (1) 
第9週
11/04  Mid-term presentation and discussion.
Special presentation by Dr. Yen-Wei Li (Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University) Topic: 動力系集預報簡介 
第10週
11/11  S2S Predictability (joint course with CWB) 
第11週
11/18  [S2S] MJO and Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves (2) 
第12週
11/25  ENSO dynamics and prediction (1) (Lecturer: Professor Chung-Hsiung Sui) 
第13週
12/02  ENSO dynamics and prediction (2) - ENSO classification and modulation on MJO 
第14週
12/09  Western N. Pacific tropical cyclone climatology and variability 
第15週
12/16  S2S Predictability and Prediction skill
 
第16週
12/23  S2S prediction application - Climate and weather extremes 
第17週
12/30  Final report presentation and discussion (1)
柏君&崇瑋、冠廷 (Joint Final Presentation with 熱帶氣候動力專題(2)—BSISO) 
第18週
01/07  Final report presentation and discussion (2):建軒、翔耀&弘國、柏君